3/23/2021 0 Comments Thommen Altimeter Instructions
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![]() The height of the instrument pole is adapted to the comfortable eye height of the instrument man. These optical instruments combine accuracy with low weight and volume, thus allowing high output even in difficult terrain and dense forests. The vertical axis of a pendulum instrument corresponds to the direction of gravity an angle of 90 the horizontal level (collimation line) of the instrument is optically fixed, from which vertical angles (in percent or degrees) can be measured. There are several types of clinometers which can be used to determine gradients but basically are all the same, based on the principle of gravity. For example, 1 percent is one part of a hundred (equal to 1100 or 0.01); 45 percent is 45 parts of a hundred (equal to 45100 or 0.45). The gradient of a straight line in percent can be drafted by the height of a right angled triangle with a base of 100 units. Thus lines (routes) with required gradients can easily be found. The so-called zero line or grade line, which is one of the basic criteria for locating a forest road in steep terrain, is determined by use of the clinometer. A word of caution with regard to the use of clinometers is, never mix up readings of percent and degrees, since both functions are normally given on the instrument scales. The percent readings correspond to the tangent functions of the degrees and are quite different, and if the two are mixed while reading the scale, it will lead to errors in calculations and grade lines. You cannot see through the instrument, but you see the bright, translucent scale. The left lens is for uphill () (see scale as shown in Figure 13); the right lens is for downhill (-) reading. ![]() Be sure to read the correct number on the scale and remember (elevation) or - (depression). This moving part is immersed in a damping liquid inside a sealed plastic container. It is recommended that Type PM-5360 PC with scales of percent and 360 degrees be used. The percent scale has a graduation from 150 percent to -150 percent. By an optical illusion the index line seems to protrude from the side of the instrument. Align this line with the centre of the target and simultaneously read the gradient on the scale. Both eyes must be kept open since one cannot see through the Suunto. Since the Suunto has scales in degrees as well as in percent, the surveyor must be sure to read the record the correct scale reading. It is necessary to have the height of the instrument and the target with identical distances above the ground. The clinometer (zero point) and target (middle line) are adjusted to the same height with the two poles on level ground. The height of the instrument pole is adapted to the comfortable eye height of the instrument.
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